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These Intel Macs have the T2 security chip:

Speaking of which, if an old version is what you’re looking for, it may be worth taking a look at another article where we focus on that entirely: How to download and install old versions of OS X on a Mac. There is also the even trickier business of installing a clean copy of an older version of macOS on your Mac (Monterey, Big Sur, Catalina, High Sierra, Sierra, El Capitan, Mojave, Yosemite or an even old version of OS X). Not only are there three different methods (which we’ll run through below) the methods depend on the version of macOS that you are running.

Use the Erase All Content and Settings option setting in System Preferences (available if you are running macOS Monterey and later on a M1 or M2 Mac, or an Intel Mac with a T2 chip).

Use macOS Recovery to reinstall macOS the web.

Make a copy of the macOS installer on a USB stick, reformat your drive and then install the macOS on to your Mac from the installer.

Should this happen you will have to reinstall the system.Īs we explained above, there is more than one way to wipe your Mac and reinstall macOS:

Should a problem occur with macOS during a restart, perhaps because a storage space on the SSD is defective and thus a system component is no longer intact, this will be recognised by the startup process since the seal will now be invalid. So macOS itself cannot be changed by any software that you install as a user. And snapshots cannot be changed, even by the system itself.

For further security, these Macs also do not start directly from the system volume, but from a snapshot of the system. This seal is stored either in the T2 chip of the newer Intel Macs or in the Secure Enclave of the Apple M1/M2.Įach component of the system is signed in hierarchical order, and any change to a component would also invalidate the seal that represents the top level. Since macOS Big Sur, macOS has its home on its own volume, which is both read-only and cryptographically signed and sealed (referred to as a Sealed System Volume). In the past it was helpful to reinstall the system if you wanted to correct some Mac problems, but today this solution doesn’t make as much sense.